Scoliosis: causes, symptoms and treatment

Scoliosis is a sideways curvature of the spine in the shape of an S or C, accompanied by rotation of the vertebrae around their own axis. Unlike temporary poor posture, scoliosis is a structural change that does not straighten out on its own when the body stands upright. It is most often discovered during a growth spurt in children and adolescents, but there is also adult scoliosis, which develops due to degenerative changes of the spine. Early detection of scoliosis is extremely important, because milder curves in children are successfully kept under control with timely exercises and their progression is prevented.

Symptoms of scoliosis

Scoliosis in the early stage usually does not hurt, so it is first noticed as a change in the shape of the body. The most common signs are:

• uneven shoulders and shoulder blades, one side higher than the other,
• a tilted waist and an uneven gap between the arms and the body,
• a bulge of the ribs or muscles on one side when bending forward,
• leaning of the whole body to one side,
• back pain, muscle tension and quick fatigue with a more pronounced curve or in adults.

Parents often notice the asymmetry first when a child stands in a swimsuit or bends forward. That simple bending test is a good reason to seek an exam, because it best reveals the rotation of the spine.

Causes and risk factors

In the largest number of cases this is idiopathic scoliosis, where the exact cause is unknown but there is a hereditary tendency. Other causes and risk factors are:

• uneven loading of the spine during rapid growth,
• a difference in leg length,
• neuromuscular conditions that weaken the trunk muscles,
• congenital abnormalities of the vertebrae,
• degenerative changes and worn discs in adults.

Degrees and types of scoliosis

Scoliosis is assessed by the size of the curve, the so called Cobb angle. Mild curves are monitored and treated with exercises, moderate ones require a more intensive program and sometimes a brace, while the largest curves may call for a surgical approach. By age we distinguish scoliosis in growing children from adult scoliosis, which is most often degenerative. That is why measuring the angle and assessing age is key to the right therapy plan.

How the diagnosis is made

The diagnosis is made by examining the back in an upright position and while bending forward, when the rotation and bulge are best seen. The degree of the curve is precisely measured on an X ray. In growing children the speed of progression is also tracked through follow up exams, because it determines how intensive the therapy needs to be.

Treatment of scoliosis

Treatment of scoliosis at the Dynamic Fizio center is carried out primarily through kinesitherapy, an individually dosed program of corrective exercises. The goal is to stop or slow the progression of the curve, improve posture and reduce pain. The program includes:

• exercises to strengthen weak trunk muscles and stretch shortened muscles on the concave side of the curve,
• breathing and symmetrization exercises that help correct the rotation,
• training in correct posture while sitting, standing and carrying loads,
• in adults, additional manual techniques and physical therapy to reduce pain and tension.

Exercises and habits that help

Besides exercises during therapy, everyday habits matter: carrying a bag or backpack evenly on both shoulders, sitting correctly with back support, moving enough and avoiding long periods in the same position. Swimming and stretching exercises further unload the spine and strengthen the trunk muscles.

How treatment works at our center

The first examination is free, and at it we assess the type and degree of the curve, posture, and the strength and shortening of individual muscle groups. Based on the assessment we build an individual program of corrective exercises, tailored to age and curve size, because the plan for a growing child and for an adult with degenerative scoliosis differ significantly. Exercises are performed under the therapist supervision, and part of the program is continued at home. Through regular check ups we track progress and change the exercises as the body strengthens.

Frequently asked questions

Can scoliosis be fully cured with exercises? With mild to moderate curves the goal is to stop progression, improve posture and reduce pain, which regular exercises often achieve. Large curves need additional treatment, so early detection is decisive.

Is scoliosis hereditary? There is a hereditary tendency, so if scoliosis runs in the family, it is good to examine children regularly during growth.

What sport can a child with scoliosis do? Most activities are allowed and desirable, and swimming and stretching exercises are especially useful. The plan is best aligned with the therapist according to the type of curve.

Does carrying a heavy backpack cause scoliosis? A heavy backpack does not cause structural scoliosis, but it can worsen poor posture and complaints, so carrying it on both shoulders and keeping the weight reasonable is recommended.

Does scoliosis affect breathing? With larger curves that involve the chest part of the spine, breathing capacity may be reduced, which is why breathing exercises are an important part of the program.

From what age can scoliosis be treated with exercises? Exercises are adapted to age, and in children the program is introduced as soon as the curve is detected, since the growth period is the most important for correction.

For a scoliosis assessment and an individual exercise plan, book a free first examination at 060/134-3303.